Basic Terms
Vacuum Electron:
An electronic device that controls the flow of electrons in a vacuum. Many old radios, televisions, computers, etc. It is used as a switch, amplifier or display in devices.
An electronic device that can be used as an amplifier or switch. Radio,television, computer, etc. It is used to control the flow of electricity in devices.
A small electronic device containing most of its circuit components (transistors, diodes, resistors, etc.) printed on a wafer (usually made of silicon).
Microprocessor:
Often referred to as the brain or engine of the computer where most of the work and operations occur (the CPU is a part of the microprocessor).
Magnetic Drum:
A cylinder covered with magnetic material on which data and programs can be stored.
Magnetic Core:
Data is stored using a small array of magnetic material called a magnet.
Machine language:
A programming language consisting of binary numbers (1s and 0s) that a computer can read and understand.Compound words are like machine words that computers can understand the only difference is that they use abbreviations (like ADD, SUB, DIV...) instead of numbers (0's and 1's).
Artificial Intelligence (AI):
A field of computer science that involves the simulation and creation of intelligent behavior in intelligent machines or computers (which think, learn, act, and feel like humans).
First
Generation of Computers
The main characteristics of
first generation of computers (1940s-1950s)
Basic electronics - vacuum cleaner
Basic concepts - drum and belt
Programming language—machine language
Power supply—uses a lot of power and creates a lot of heat. usually takes up the entire room). different vacuum machine computer.
Second Generation of Computers
The main characteristics of
second generation of computers (1950s-1960s)
Main electronics - transistors Memory - magnetic cores and tapes/disks Programming language - combination language Power and size - low power consumption, low heat generation, small size (compared with the original compared with computers). UNIVAC 1107 and others.
Third Generation of Computers
The main characteristics of
third generation of computers (1960s-1970s)
Major electronic devices—Integrated circuits (IC)
Memory—large magnetic cores, tapes/disks
Programming languages—high-level languages(FORTRAN, BASIC, Pascal, COBOL, C, etc.)< br > Dimensions -It is smaller, cheaper and more efficient than second-hand computers (called mini computers). Keyboards, monitors, printers, etc.
Examples – IBM 360, IBM 370, PDP-11, UNIVAC 1108, etc.
Fourth Generation of Computers
The main characteristics of
fourth generation of computers (1970s-present)
Large-scale electronics – very large-scale integration (VLSI) and microprocessor. Accessible memory) - A type of data storage (storage) used in computers to temporarily store programs and information (volatile: its contents are lost when the computer is turned off). A type of data storage used that permanently stores data and programs (non-persistent: its contents are retained even when the computer is turned off). , Kotlin, etc.). Improved (compared to third-party computers).
